Extracted postings are available in other autism files. The naming convention is: AUTISM94 (1994 autism postings from the Celiac List) AUTISM95 (1995 autism postings from the Celiac List) AUTCEL94 (1994 gluten postings from the Autism List) This file. AUTCEL95 (1995 gluten postings from the Autism List) Creation of these files is on hold due to lack of manpower. The following is an edited version of emails which have appeared on the Celiac LISTSERV(R). As with any email on this list, there can be no assurance that the information contained herein is accurate. This is not medical advise. Feedback to the Listowners.Disclaimer: Verify this information before applying it to your situation. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 21 Nov 1994 07:29:04 GMT From: Maxwell@LAMG.COM Subject: Diet and mental disease Kalle Reichelt has signed off this conference due to the volume of email he must process from other sources. He has asked me to forward to him posts on gluten and autism, schizophrenia, or other developmental / mental changes. I sent him the posts from yesterday and got this reply, which I am posting here with his permission: Message 13 11/21/94 8:29 AM Subject: Diet and mental disease From: Kalle Reichelt,K.L.Reichelt@rh.uio.no,Internet Due to epidemiology Prof Dohan, Philadelphia proposed that there was a clearcut connection of gluten to schizophrenia (Dohan et al (1984) Biol Psychiat 19:385-399; Dohan (1983) Biol psychiat 18:561-564). See also Lorenz K (1990) Adv in Cereal Sci and Technol X:435-469. The effect of diet takes a long time because the kidneys are very well adapted to preserve peptides and proteins. We found that it took 28 weeks of strict diet to normalize the urinary excretion of peptides in a double blind study of diet followed with urine analysis and rating scales (Reichelt et al (1990) J Orthomol Med 5:223-239). Most experiments on diet have been far too short in time, but even then all admit to individuals being much improved on diet although not statistically for the group (Rice JR et al (1978) Amer J psychiat 135:1417-1148; Storms LH et al (1982) Arch Gen Psychiat 39:323-327;NB: Vlissides DN et al (1986) Brit J Psychiat 148:441-452) The low number partaking in the experiments have been citizised (King DS (1985)Biol Psychiat 20 :785-787.). Clearcut effect of diet in schizophrenia was found by a) Dohan and Grasberger (1973) Am J Psychiat 130:685-686: Singh and Kay (1976) Science 191: 401-402; Cade R et al (1990) Psychiatry: A world perspective 3: 494-500 (he uses our urine screening too). In autistic children we have very good results as documented with STRICT diet (Knivsberg SA-M et al (1990) Brain Dysfunct 3: 315-327 and also Reichelt Kl et al (1991) Brain Dysfunct 4:308-319).In the last publication evidence for the identification of bovine casomorphin 1-8 immunoreactive peptides was reported, and opioids are formed from food proteins in the gut. Also extremely important is the fact that everybody takes up bioactive peptides and also trace amounts of protein from the gut (Gardner MLG (1994) in Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract (Johnson LR : edit) Rave Press, NY pp 1795-1820) ,That this is so can be seen from the fact that we all have IgG antgibodies to food proteins .Because there are 15 opioid sequences in one molecule of gluten (Fukudome and Yoshokawa (1991) Febs lett 296:107-111) even trace amount so protein uptake can be catastsrophic if not properly broken down. In general we also find increased IgA antibody levels in schizophrenics (reichelt et al in press) and usually peptide increased in the urine. The problem is usually that diet is tried as a last resort , and because there are strong indications that opioids inhibit the normal maturation of the CNS (Zagon and Mclaughlin (1987)Brain Res 412:66-72) it is no wonder that we often are too late or that it takes time to change the course of the disease. NMR studies are quite clear that trophic changes do take place. The opioids do get in the CNS as in Post partum psychosis ,which is a dramatic and symptom rich psychosis (Lindstr|m et al 1984)Amer j psychiat 141:1059-1066) Diet is however, not easy and may be experiences as a socially isolating procedure. It must also be strict. Finally the opioids make it difficult to quit the food in question as in all addictive states. More details can be obtained by writing me directly Cheers TINY K. Reichelt Pediatric Research Institute N-0027 Oslo, Norway Tel: +47 22 86 90 45 Fax: +47 22 86 91 17 E-mail: K.L.Reichelt@rh.uio.no --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 22 NOV 94 12:41 GMT From: FORTINI@ferrara.infn.it Subject: RE: Natural flavors, diary To the posting by David on diary and gluten. What you think due to lactose is instead due with an high degree of probability to casein (which is not a sugar but a protein) which is ALWAYS present in ALL diary products. In the case of autism one should avoid both gluten and diary products: from both substances the same opioids are produced and have almost the same effects as one can see from the posting of Karl Reichelt. The most obvious thing to do in such cases (as many parents of our Autistic Association are doing here in Italy with their children) is to make a strict diet free of both gluten and casein. The average physician knows very little (at least here in my country) about all this stuff of diet and the like: I hope that in your country the situation is different and you can get more enlightment from doctors on your problems which, as ours, are extremely serious. Good luck. Pierlugi Fortini president of ANGSA (italian autistic parent association) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 22 Nov 1994 07:32:41 GMT From: (Maxwell@LAMG.COM Subject: autism and gluten (corrected) A number of subscribers have asked whether other proteins besides gluten and casein have been implicated in developmental delays, or whether it is a good idea to try restricting additional proteins, pending scientific evidence. I forwarded this question to several researchers. The following is Dr. Reichelt's reply --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 22 Nov 1994 15:00:55 +0100 From: K.L.Reichelt@rh.uio.no (Kalle Reichelt) Subject: Diet The only certainly established peptide problem so far is gliadin,gluten and casein. However,people can be allergic (IgE mediated) to almost anything. Opioids may also be formed from hemoglobin(hemoceptins) so I guess it is better not to consume blood products. For autistic children and schizophrenics it is best to stick with gluten,gliadin and casein ,because that is what we have studied.After all we all need proteins of some sort to develop normally and it is important to warn against overenthusiastic slashing of this and that in an arbitrary way.Growth is a good variable to monitor adequate nutrition. There should always be a posyive identifiable reason for removing any item from the diet and preferably some scientific evidence. Children all the way up to puberty are quite adaptable in their CNS and two year olds definitely so. K. Reichelt Pediatric Research Institute N-0027 Oslo, Norway Tel: +47 22 86 90 45 Fax: +47 22 86 91 17 E-mail: K.L.Reichelt@rh.uio.no --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Thu, 24 Nov 1994 18:01:22 EST From: mjones@DIGITAL.NET Subject: Gluten Intolerance & Autism This is a retransmittal of an e-mail from Pierluigi Fortini. Up to now we have the result of about 40 urinary tests made by Karl Reichelt in Oslo: more than 50% are positive and up about 15 families already started a gluten and casei free diet. It's too early to have definitive results but ALL of them noticed dramatic results. I strongly suspect that (may be all) kannerian autistic people suffer from this dysmetabolism. It would be extremely important that more and more autistic should try this diet: in a few years a deep change in the understanding of autism could take place. Pierluigi Fortini --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sun, 27 Nov 1994 18:11:56 EST From: cathyf@EARLHAM.EDU Subject: Re: Gluten Intolerance and Autism I remember reading an article a long time ago by Dr. Marshall Mandell, M.D. about some clinical experiments with schizophrenics-- he found quite a few had food allergies, and when their diet was adjusted their symptoms improved. Since "cerebral" symptoms are pretty common in food allergies/chemical intolerances, this isn't too surprizing. Autistics must be extremely sensitive in general, so while gluten and casein avoidance sounds sensible to start with it would seem that extensive allergy testing and also testing responses to various common chemicals might be helpful as well. Individual autistics might have other food/chemical sensitivities. Peace, Cathy Flick cathyf@earlham.edu --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 28 Nov 1994 11:51:46 +0200 From: FORTINI@FERRARA.INFN.IT Subject: Gluten intolerance and autism I agree with Cathy Flick: actually many autistic people are intolerant of other foods. We are making a research also on the lack of some enzimes like sulfotrasferasi and related ones. Pierluigi Fortini --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 29 Nov 1994 17:34 EST From: (Maxwell@LAMG.COM Subject: Dr. Murray answers 3 questions I asked the following three questions of Dr. Joe Murray for the benefit of the whole Celiac list, and his replies follow - (snip) question... ) 3) By now you have seen a number of posts on he issue of gluten and casein )intolerance and the possible link to autism. From what you know of the ) mechanics of gluten damage, does it make sense that casein (or even ) other proteins) could cause analogous damage to the villi --- or instead ) is a totally different mechanism in place, a mechanism which coincidentally ) involves gluten but is not itself classic Celiac disease? From what I have ) read, I would have thought it is the latter, but my son was biopsy confirmed ) Celiac. answer... Related to casein and whether it can cause a similar lesion in the intestine as gluten does in Celiac disease. Yes, in young children, there can be a patchy enteropathy that is thought to be milk protein allergy. These are short answers to what are rather involved questions but I don't type very fast. Joe Murray --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 30 Nov 1994 12:48 From: BethnAndy@AOL.COM Subject: BIOCHEMISTRY of Autism I have been reading the celiac line for some time now. Lisa was kind enough to sign us on after reading of my research in autism and dietary intervention. I feel now that some things require clarification. Many children and adults with autism can present with symptomology that highly resembles that of an individual with celiac. Some biopsies even demonstrate the same GI damage. *HOWEVER*, the mechanisms that we are currently investigating do NOT suggest that the alpha-gliadin fraction of gluten and casein found in dairy are the only issues. We have been evaluating the molecular makeup of these similar storage proteins, and have found additional protein sources that pose a problem. These include, but are not limited to, zein, in corn, alpha (sub) S2 casein, also in corn, conglycinin in soy AND other legumes. These components( of proteins)are very complex, and some still are not fully defined, so the evaluation is going rather slowly. But there exist a number of similarities between inter- and intramolecular bonds. Additionally, one has to take into consideration a whole host of neurological (structural, physiological, chemical...) manifestations when correlating with autism. The fact that 'autistic symptoms' do NOT completely dissipate on a gluten free and dairy free diet, indicates that the problems are similar, but not identical to those of a celiac syndrome nature. There also may or may not be an immunological response, as seen in celiac. Elimination of these foods helps, but does not emeliorate the underlying biochemical disruptions. The focus of our research, currently, is identification of the biochemical underpinnings of autism, with a concentration on methods to functionally address these (without creating additional problems). Things are actually beginning to look very good. Just a little as to who I am... I have degrees in biology, chemistry (and just short of a math degree). I did my undergrad research at the Mayo Foundation in Rochester,Mn. in the Dept. of Pharmocology, on aequorin, a calcium sensitive photoprotein extracted form jellyfish. I worked on illucidating the molecular composition, utilizing various metal ligands, measuring the amount of illumination, with a photomultiplier. The initial hope was to be able to use the protein extract for studies on neurotransmission, using light emmission as a measure of activity. I am also a graduate from the Culinary Institute of America, where I worked in the Department of Nutrition and was primarily responsible for the set up and running of the food science lab (which has been closed in the years since I left). I am also the mother of spontaneously conceived, mixed gender (2boys,1girl), autistic triplets and an older daughter. This is where my interest (and motivation!) in autism research comes from. Please, try to keep in mind, when talking about cooking with celiac, that there are a lot of chemical processes that occur during baking, that a number of changes happen in proteins, carbohydrates, etc, when mixed and heat is applied. For example, there has been a great deal of discussion on the good and evil of vanilla, and alcohol bases. Remember, alcohol is volatile, and evaporates when cooked. Many commercially prepared vanillas also have caramel coloring added (even pure), so the antagonist many people feel may not be related to a grain fraction in the alcohol, but to the addition of a coloring agent generally derived from wheat. The trace of contaminant in alcohol would be in parts per trillion, versus that in caramel color, which may be in parts per million or thousand. Because of the 'labeling' laws currently in place, they may/may not have to list ingredients, particularly if only used in the processing. (For example, all corn, with the exception of SOME organic, is treated in the US with sulphur dioxide PRIOR to processing, to help with preservation). For those of us with concerns of overtaxing a cytochrome P-450 enyme substrate, this could prove to be a useful tidbit of info. Well, I just felt it was time to throw in my 2 cents. Don't overlook food chem , folks. It's pretty nifty stuff... All the best, Beth Crowell --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 2 Dec 1994 16:11:57 From: "J. Murray" (jomurray@BLUE.WEEG.UIOWA.EDU) Subject: Re: BIOCHEMISTRY of Autism Does anyone know if individuals with autism have been HLA typed as celiac disease seems to a have a pretty strong association with DQW2? Joe Murray --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 2 Dec 1994 19:31 From: (Maxwell@LAMG.COM Subject: Murray on adult vs. juvenile Celiacs I asked Dr. Murray: ) You said that your clinic sees adult Celiacs ten times more often than ) children-- do you think this is because Celiac is primarily an adult ) -onset disease, or that children's Celiac is underdiagnosed? ) If it is primarily an adult phenomena, ) then this means individuals who could properly digest ) gluten for decades have something triggered in them which ) suddenly screws up their metabolism. ) This makes me wonder whether autistic children with gluten intolerance ) have a different type of Celiac disease, since these children typically react ) poorly to gluten from their first introduction to their diet. ) Dr. Murray's reply: With regard to your question regarding whether CD actually developes later in life rather than just not been diagnosed at an earlier stage. There are some examples in the literature of individuals with DH who had a normal biopsy followed several years later with a flat biopsy who most have had not developed the disease. It is also possible there the biopsies while normal to the eyes of the pathologist may have harboured a patchy or very mild that was not biopsied or was very subtle. I suspect that some patient have some damage but no symptoms for many years and other patients may have neither symptoms or damage until some precipitating event occurs, such as gastroenteritis, surgery. However without preceeding biopsies it is not possible to conclude what this means. Certainly there is some, albeit conflicting, evidence looking at mucosal permeability in asymptomatic relatives of CD patients which suggests that there may be an underlying defect even in seemingly unaffected individuals. I am unaware of whether there has been any work looking at mucosal permeabiltiy in patients with autism or schizophrenia. Perhaps someone out there is aware of some work in this regard. Joe Murray --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 6 Dec 1994 18:39 From: (portia@PRIMENET.COM) Subject: healing the gut wall Dear Joe Murray: Thank you for your many interesting postings. I was wondering if you or anyone has any advice on how to speed up the healing of the leaky gut wall once gluten has been removed from the diet? I have been using fresh aloevera gel twice a day and natural silica gel orally for my son.A shot in the dark but harmless and worth a try. Also vit. E. Any ideas? Another question: is there a higher incidence of autism in countries such as Ireland where celiac disease ocurrs more frequently? My two and a half year old autistic son improved quite a lot when I removed casein and gluten from his diet; esp. gluten. He was quite addicted to bread and noodles to the exclusion of almost all other foods before we changed his diet. The diet resulted in reduced hyperactivity, near ceasation of autistic self stimulating behaviors, normalization of sleep habits and ceasation of hand biting and teeth grinding. My son has had just about every symptom of celiac disease that I have read about and has had diareaha all his life. He appears to metabolize everything improperly but gluten and casein are the worst by far. I thought that if I could give him digestive enzymes it might help reduce the amount of peptides passing through the gut wall. However I have read that the ph of the stomach is too acidic for these orally ingested enzymes to survive on their way to the gut. It has been suggested that bicarb (such as the pancrease excretes) be given before meals and the enzymes given with meals. What do you think about this and what amount of bicarb and what sort of timing would be optimal? Again, thank you so much for you contributions to the listserv. Sincerely, Portia --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 7 Dec 1994 13:12 From: "J. Murray" (jomurray@BLUE.WEEG.UIOWA.EDU) Subject: Re: healing the gut wall I have no knowledge of how to speed up the healing of the gut apart from adhering to strict gluten free diet. there is somne evidence from A study done in DH that the use of a elemental diet may speed healing of the skin lesions. I advise that people take a nutriationally balanced diet and try to ensure that they have an adequate supply of micronutrients either from the diet or if there are marked defiencies by adding vitamins to the diet temporarily. I still suggest that it is necessary to have a biopsy of the intestine to confirm celiac disease. Gluten intolerant individuals who have not got celiac disease are an intellectual challenge and responses to trial of dietary intervention seem to be necessary to support the diagnosis. Have any of the studies on autism / schizophrenia been done double blind? Autism and schizophrenia are common in ireland, whether it is more or less common than elsewhere I dont know. Joe Murray --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 27 Dec 1994 07:02 From: (Maxwell@LAMG.COM Subject: Reichelt on gluten,autism and schizophrenia Kalle Reichelt has just returned from an extended trip and in reviewing the earlier posts to this conference on proteins, peptides, gut permeability, autism and schizophrenia, has the following comments to offer: Subject: Gluten,autism and schizophrenia From: Kalle Reichelt,K.L.Reichelt@rh.uio.no A: Experiments double blind with gluten and schizophrenia:Most have been on far too small series and for very short time .We found in a double blind study that the peptide patterns took at least 28 weeks to normalize (Reichelt et al (1990) J Orthomolec. med 5:223-239.) Also two positive studies have been reported 1) Singh MM and Kay SR (1976) Science 191:401-402.2) Dohan FC and Grasberger JC (1973)Amer J Psychiat 130:685-686. Several negative statistically evaluated reports (on small series) generally however, describe individuals that respond favourably. They were for short periods of time though and on chronic or semichronic patients. In these patients we know that there are morphological changes in the CNS. The references are : Potkin SG et al (1981) Am J Psychiat 138:1208-1211. Storms LH et al (1982) Arch gen Psychiat 39:323-327.Vlissides DN et al (1986)Brit J psychiat 148:441-452.Rice JR et al (1978) Am J Psychiat 135: 1147-1148. All of thes have been citicized for lack of statistical power (King DS (1985) Biol Psychiat 20:785-787.) Double blind on autistic children is very hard to do. Howver,we have run the urines blind and applied the strategy of two independent persons to carry out functional tests and evaluation . The results cannot possibly be placebo because they last for 4 years and those that quit diet show REGRESSION. In spite of ordaining longer time to complete the tests the children off diet could not complete tests easily finished when on diet. References: Knivsberg A-M et al (1990) Brain Dysfunction 3:315-327. Reichelt KL et al (1990)J Appl Nutrition 42: 1-11. Reichelt KL et al (1994) Dev Brain Dysfunct.7:71-85. Epidemiology : I would like to draw your attention to two papers that are extremely well done: Lorenz K and Lee VA (1977) The nutritional and physiological impact of cereal products in human nutrition . CRC Critical Reviews in Food Sci and Nutrition 9: 383 -457. Lorenz K (1990) Cereals and Schizophrenia .Adv in Cereal Sci and Technol X: 435-469. Gut permeability : Because peptides ( Gardner MLG(83) Biochem Soc Trans 11:810-812.and this year a review, and also intact proteins are taken up in normal persons (eg Husby S et al (1985) Scand J Immunol 22:83-92); there is no need for increased uptake. All we need is decreased breakdown ,something which regularly causes peptiduria and peptidaemia (Wright EC et al (1979)J Inherit metab Disease 2: 1-3; BlauN et al (1980) J Inherit metab Dis 11 (suppl 2) 240-242.; Lunde H et al (1982) J neurochem 38:238-246; Abassi Z et al (1992) metabolism 41:683-685; Watanabe Y et al (1993) Res Comm. Chem Pathol Pharmacol 81:323-350.) Because peptides generally are good peptidase inhibitors ( La Bella FL et al (1985) Peptides 6:645-660) it is easy to see that vicious circles can get going. This process may even start before birth because intact antigens have been found in mothers milk too (Axelsson I et al (1986)Acta Paed Scand 75:702-707; Troncone R et al (1987) Acta paed Scand 76:453-456; Kilshaw and Cant 81984) Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 75:8-15 and Stuart CA et al (1984) Clin Allergy 14:533-535). Finally I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the coeliac inducing peptide isolated from gliadin ( Wieser H et al (1984)Z Lebensmittel Unters Forsch 179:371-376 contains the gliadinomorphin sequence Y-P-Q-P-Q-P-F. Also the gluten molecule contains up to 15 opioid sequnces brilliantly elucidated by Prof DR Yoshikawa (Fukudome SI and Yoshikawa M (1991) FEBS Letters 296:107-111)and such opioids are formed in the gut. Some references on gut leakage and schizophrenia will be forwarded later . However, Dr Sci MLG Gardner, School of Biomediacl Sci .Univ of Bradford,Bradford BD 7 1DP ,United Kingdom is extremely knowledgeable on this matter. Seasonal greeting to all . Cheers Tiny. K. Reichelt Pediatric Research Institute N-0027 Oslo, Norway Tel: +47 22 86 90 45 Fax: +47 22 86 91 17 E-mail: K.L.Reichelt@rh.uio.no --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 28 Dec 1994 07:42 From: (Maxwell@LAMG.COM) Subject: Fwd: Autism and coeliac disease. Another forward from Kalle Reichelt on Autism and Celiac Disease: Subject: Autism and coeliac disease. From: Kalle Reichelt,K.L.Reichelt@rh.uio.no 1: Already Prof Asperger in Austria noticed that many (not all) coeliac children showed psychiatric problems (Asperger H (1961) Die Psychopathologie des Coeliakikranken Kindes. Ann. Paediat.197:146-151). A similar relationship of malabsorption to autism was also indicated in the USA (Coleman M ed: Autistic syndromes .North Holland Press,Amsterdam 1976.) See also Goodwin MS et al (1971) J Autism Child Schizophrenia 1:48-62. Coeliac disease may go undetected until lyphoma is discovered . It is relevant that one of the dominant symptoms is depression (carried out in Sweden) (eg Hallert C et al (1982) Scand J gastroenterol 17:25-28.) 2: Because we have a) isolated bovine casomorphin 1-8 immunoreactive peptides from the urine and dialysis fluid of schizophrenics and autistics (eg Reichelt KL et al (1991)Brain Dysfunction 4:308-319) and also find an increased frequency of IgA antibodies higher than the upper normal limit (Reichelt et al (1994) Dev Brain Dysfunction 7:71-85; Reichelt and Landmark (1994) Biol Psychiat In press), there is reason to believe that opioids from the diet are important.The mucosa is normal in these cases as are endomycium antibodies. 3: The structure of gliadinomorphin is Y-P-Q-P-Q-P-F and is found inside Wieser s peptide causing coeliac disease. The structure of casomorphin (bovine) is very similar : Y-P-F-P-G-P-I. We have recently found evidence for gliadinomorphin too (in prep). 4: Opioids may very well be important to the development of autism because they modulate trophically CNS development ( Zagon and McLaughlin (1987) Brain Res 412:68-72; Zagon and McLaughlin(1989)Brain Res 490:14-25). Also the psychophysiological work of Panksepp is extremely important and relevant to this problem (eg Panksepp L et al (1980) neurosci Biobehav Rev 4:473-487). The pruning of synapses which is essential to normal development is likewise disturbed by opioids . 5. Certain epilepsies and CNS damage of various kinds can be related to factors derived from gluten in spite of normal vitamin levels .See for instance Gobbi G et al (1992) The Lancet 340:439-443; Paul KD et al(1985) Z Klin Med 40:707-709; Cooke WT et al (1966) Brain 89:683-722; Ward ME et al (1985) Neurology 35:1199-1201; Kinney HC et al (1982) J neurol Sci 5:9-22;Finelli PF et al (1980)Neurology 30:245-249). 6. The important genetic studies done by Sir M Rutter and his crew indicates that at least two(2) genetic defects must be present. (Le Cotour A (1988) Aspects of Autism .Edit:L Wing, gaskell ,The nat Aut Soc pp 38-52). It is therefore probable that either two peptidase defects ( Reichelt et al (1994)Dev brain Dysfunct 7:71-85) or a peptidase defect combined with sulphation defect as suggested by Prof Dr R Waring could be the root cause.(Waring and Reichelt ; in press). After all defective transulphation would cause defects in aminoglycans lining the gut wall and therefore increase transmucosal transport or diffusion as shown in certain diseaed states ( Murch SH et al (1993) The Lancet 341:711-714). Certainly gut uptake of various compounds should be performed as soon as possible in these diseases. 7: Dr Sci MLG Gardner ,Univ of Bradford School of Biomed Sci is an authority on the gut and various uptake mechanisms .His fax no is - 0274 309 742 England. 8.: In post-partum psychosis ,which is one of the most vivid psychotic conditions known , the Swedes have shown that human casomorphin is the mediator and accumulates in blood, spinal fluid and urine. (Lindstrom L et al (1984)Am J Psychiat 141:1059-1066.) Human casomorphin is present as a family of peptides and has the structure Y-P-F-V-E-P-I-P and exists as 1-8,1-7,1-6 etc. It has long been known that stopping milk production fast (before receptor changes take place) eleviates the psychotic condition . 9: There is going to be a very technical and basic meeting on the relationship of gluten to disease especially epilepsy in San Marino (a small independent country inside Italy) april 10-12 1985. The registration is in the hands of: San marino Conference c/o Ufficio Attivita promozionali Instituto Sicurezza Sociale ,Via la Toscana -Cailungo 47031 Republica San Marino. Cheers Tiny K. Reichelt Pediatric Research Institute N-0027 Oslo, Norway Tel: +47 22 86 90 45 Fax: +47 22 86 91 17 E-mail: K.L.Reichelt@rh.uio.no
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